How can you perform exponentiation in JavaScript using operators?

In JavaScript, you can perform exponentiation using the `**` operator. The `**` operator was introduced in ECMAScript 2016 (ES7) and provides a concise way to raise a base to an exponent.

Here's an example:

let base = 2;

let exponent = 3;

let result = base ** exponent;

console.log(result);  // Outputs: 8 (2 raised to the power of 3)

In this example, `base ** exponent` calculates 2 raised to the power of 3, resulting in the value `8`.

Prior to the introduction of the `**` operator, exponentiation was typically performed using the `Math.pow()` method:

let base = 2;

let exponent = 3;

let result = Math.pow(base, exponent);

console.log(result);  // Outputs: 8 (2 raised to the power of 3)

Both methods are valid, but the `**` operator is more concise and often preferred for simple exponentiation operations. It's important to note that the `**` operator has higher precedence than the multiplication (`*`) and division (`/`) operators, and it associates right-to-left. If you have multiple exponentiation operations in an expression, consider using parentheses to clarify the order of operations.