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The classical approach: This approach, also known as the "scientific management" approach, emphasizes the use of scientific and administrative principles to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of government operations.
The human relations approach: This approach emphasizes the importance of understanding and managing human behavior in organizations, and the role that communication, motivation, and leadership play in the success of public organizations.
The systems approach: This approach views public administration as a complex system made up of interrelated parts, and emphasizes the importance of understanding how these parts interact and the implications for organizational performance.
The political-economy approach: This approach emphasizes the role of political and economic factors in shaping public administration and the actions of government officials and organizations.
The public choice approach: This approach emphasizes the role of rational self-interest and economic incentives in shaping the behavior of government officials and organizations.
The new public management (NPM) approach: This approach emphasizes the use of private-sector management techniques, such as cost-benefit analysis, performance measurement, and competition, to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of public organizations.
The critical approach: This approach emphasizes the role of power, politics, and social justice in shaping public administration and the actions of government officials and organizations.
These approaches are not mutually exclusive and they complement each other, scholars and practitioners often use a combination of different approaches to understand public administration and its role in society. Each approach has its own strengths and weaknesses, and the choice of approach will depend on the specific research question, objective and context.
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