New Public Management Perspective

The New Public Management (NPM) perspective is an approach to public administration that emphasizes the use of private sector management techniques and principles in the public sector. It emerged in the 1980s and 1990s as a response to the perceived inefficiencies and lack of accountability of traditional bureaucratic models of public administration.

The key principles of the NPM perspective include:

1. Emphasis on results: NPM emphasizes the importance of achieving specific and measurable results, and of using performance measures and targets to evaluate the effectiveness of public organizations.

2. Decentralization: NPM advocates for the decentralization of decision-making, giving managers more autonomy and flexibility in the management of public organizations.

3. Competition and market-based principles: NPM promotes the use of competition and market-based principles, such as contracting out and private-public partnerships, to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of public organizations.

4. Customer focus: NPM emphasizes the importance of understanding and responding to the needs of citizens and customers, and of involving them in the design and delivery of public services.

5. Innovation: NPM encourages the use of innovative approaches, such as e-government and digital technologies, to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of public organizations.

The NPM perspective has been widely adopted by governments around the world and it has been implemented in different forms, with varying degrees of success. Some of the criticisms of NPM include that it can lead to privatization, reduce accountability, and neglect the public interest.

In summary, The New Public Management (NPM) perspective is an approach to public administration that emphasizes the use of private sector management techniques and principles in the public sector. It emerged as a response to the perceived inefficiencies and lack of accountability of traditional bureaucratic models of public administration, it has been widely adopted by governments around the world, but it also has been subject